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21 Chester A. Arthur September 19, 1881 March 4, 1885 Republican |
22 Grover Cleveland March 4, 1885 March 4, 1889 Democratic |
23 Benjamin Harrison March 4, 1889 March 4, 1893 Republican |
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24 Grover Cleveland (2nd term) March 4, 1893 March 4, 1897 Democratic |
25 William McKinley March 4, 1897 September 14, 1901[4] Republican |
26 Theodore Roosevelt September 14, 1901 March 4, 1909 Republican |
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27 William H. Taft March 4, 1909 March 4, 1913 Republican |
28 Woodrow Wilson March 4, 1913 March 4, 1921 Democratic |
29 Warren G. Harding March 4, 1921 August 2, 1923[1] Republican |
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30 Calvin Coolidge August 2, 1923 March 4, 1929 Republican |
31 Herbert Hoover March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 Republican |
32 Franklin D. Roosevelt March 4, 1933 April 12, 1945[1] Democratic |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States
James A. Garfield Twentieth U.S. president, elected in 1880, who spent less than a year in office before he was assassinated. The assassin was a Republican Stalwart who wanted Garfield's vice president, Chester A. Arthur, to become president. Garfield's death compelled Congress to pass the Pendleton Act in 1883 to reform civil service.
Garfield was shot by delusional religious fanatic Charles Julius Guiteau, disgruntled by failed efforts to secure a federal post, on July 2, 1881, at 9:30 a.m., less than four months after taking office. The President had been walking through the Sixth Street Station of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad (a predecessor of the Pennsylvania Railroad) Washington, D.C., on his way to his alma mater, Williams College, where he was scheduled to deliver a speech, accompanied by Secretary of State James G. Blaine, Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln and two of his sons, James and Harry.
Charles J. Guiteau "Charles J. Guiteau: Charles Julius Guiteau assassinated President Garfield on July 2, 1881."
Guiteau Charicature
Miriam Leslie made $50,000 on the Garfield assassination by rushing sketches into print in her Leslie's Ilustrated Newspaper, thus salvaging the publication from the debts of her recently deceased husband.
On a Saturday morning in 1881 a disappointed office seeker, Charles J. Guiteau, shot President James A. Garfield in a Washington, B.C., railway station, and Mrs. Leslie saw her chance to wipe out the last of the Leslie debts. As soon as she heard rumors of the shooting, she sent artists off to Washington. One of them returned with sketches on Saturday's midnight train, and by working her staff through the long weekend Mrs. Leslie managed to get the story engraved, set, printed, and on the streets before the competition. By Tuesday morning Leslie readers had their fully illustrated accounts, and she had netted fifty thousand dollars from a single journalistic coup.
Mrs. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, American Heritage
Chester A. Arthur Vice president under James A. Garfield who became the twenty-first U.S. president in September 1881 after Garfield was assassinated. As president, Arthur refused to award Stalwarts federal posts and helped legislate civil service reform by signing the Pendleton Act in 1883.
Grover Cleveland Former Democratic governor of New York and both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth U.S. president--the only U.S. president ever elected to two nonconsecutive terms. During his rocky second term, Cleveland unsuccessfully battled the Depression of 1893, sent federal troops to break up the Pullman Strike in 1894, and had to ask J. P. Morgan to loan the nearly bankrupt federal government more than $60 million in 1895. Cleveland's inability to end the depression helped give rise to the Populist movement in the mid-1890s.
Benjamin Harrison Twenty-third U.S. president, elected in 1888, and the grandson of ninth U.S. president William Henry Harrison.
Grover Cleveland 2nd term.
William McKinley Powerful Ohio congressman and twenty-fifth U.S. president. As a member of Congress, McKinley managed to pass the McKinley Tariff in 1890, which raised the protective tariff rates on foreign goods to an all-time high. In 1896, he ran for president on a proÐgold standard platform against Democrat William Jennings Bryan; McKinley's campaign manager, Mark Hanna, and wealthy plutocrats ensured that McKinley won the presidency. Although McKinley personally opposed the Spanish-American War, he asked Congress to declare war against Spain in 1898, fearing that the Democrats would unseat him in the next presidential election. He signed the Gold Standard Act in 1900 and was reelected later that year, but an anarchist assassinated him in 1901.
Assassination of President McKinley "Assassination of President McKinley: This is a drawing by T. Dart Walker of Leon Czolgosz shooting President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition reception in Buffalo on September 6th, 1901."
Picture History, Item 1900.0019
Leon Czolgosz, Anarchist
Leon Czolgosz in Jail
Trial and execution of Leon Czolgosz
Execution of Czolgosz, with panorama of Auburn Prison / Thomas A. Edison, Inc. (reenactment)
SUMMARY The film begins by showing railroad cars in the foreground with the overshadowing walls of a state prison in the background. The second camera position, from a higher elevation, pans slowly showing the yard interior of the prison and some of the large buildings. There is a dissolve from the exterior to the interior, a set of a stone wall with an iron barred door. Uniformed men are visible; they open the door and remove a man in civilian clothes. The camera then dissolves to another set in which there is a chair with wires attached. The man in civilian clothes is brought in and strapped to the chair. At the end of the film, two of the six witnesses examine him with stethoscopes. From a contemporary Edison film company catalog: ELECTROCUTION OF CZOLGOSZ. Unhonored. [code for telegraphic orders]. A detailed reproduction of the execution of the assassin of President McKinley faithfully carried out from the description of an eye witness. The picture is in three scenes. First: Panoramic view of Auburn Prison taken the morning of the electrocution. The picture then dissolves into the corridor of murderer's row. The keepers are seen taking Czolgosz from his cell to the death chamber, and shows State Electrician, Wardens and Doctors making final test of the chair. Czolgosz is then brought in by the guard and is quickly strapped into the chair. The current is turned on at a signal from the Warden, and the assassin heaves heavily as though the straps would break. He drops prone after the current is turned off. The doctors examine the body and report to the Warden that he is dead, and he in turn officially announces the death to the witness.
Theodore Roosevelt Twenty-sixth U.S. president, who took office after the assassination of William McKinley in 1901. Roosevelt, already famous for his aggressive policies, continued them as president both at home and abroad. His domestic policies, collectively known as the Square Deal, sought to protect American consumers, regulate big business, conserve natural resources, and help organized labor. His Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine asserted American influence and power in Latin America. Although Roosevelt endorsed William Howard Taft in 1908, he split the Republican Party by running against Taft in 1912 on the Progressive Party, or Bull Moose Party, ticket.
William Howard Taft Theodore Roosevelt's handpicked successor and the twenty-seventh U.S. president. Taft, elected in 1908 on a Progressive platform, ultimately alienated himself from his fellow Republicans by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and firing conservationist Gifford Pinchot. He and Roosevelt split the Republican Party in the election of 1912, giving Democrat Woodrow Wilson an easy victory.
Woodrow Wilson Twenty-eighth U.S. president of the United States. Wilson entered the White House in 1913 after defeating Republican incumbent William Howard Taft and former president Theodore Roosevelt. Wilson's New Freedom domestic policies called for lowering the protective tariff and taming big business.
Primary Documents in American History 1875-1900.
Jumbo in NYC ca. 1882
Monster Elephant Jumbo "Monster Elephant Jumbo : In New York City, it took 16 circus horses pulling, and several elephants pushing, to roll Jumbo from the Battery up Broadway to his new home in Madison Square Garden. This illustration depicted the scene in an 1882 issue of ""Harper's Weekly"" with the following caption: ""New York City. - The Transfer of the Elephant Jumbo From the Battery to Madison Square Garden, April 9th, - From a Sketch by a Staff Artist."
September 15, 1885 As the Barnum & Bailey circus prepares to leave St. Thomas, Ontario in the evening darkness, the giant elephant Jumbo is struck and killed by a freight train. The locomotive involved in the incident afterward carries the likeness of a running elephant near its headlight.
The Barnum Museum-Bridgeport, Connecticut
BARNUM, Phineas Taylor [1810-1891] -- Self-proclaimed "Prince of Humbugs"
Barnum A Unique Story of a Marvellous Career. Life of Hon. Phineas T. Barnum - Chapter I
Iranistan, an oriental ville (near Bridgeport, Connecticut) [WorldCat.org]
Picture History : Arts & Entertainment : P.T. Barnum & Circuses
AmericanHeritage.com / Getting the Gilded Age All Wrong
The Gilded Age - Industrial revolution in America
Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era | JGAPE
The Gilded Age: A History in Documents (Pages from History), by Janette Thomas Greenwood
New Spirits: Americans in the Gilded Age, 1865-1905, by Rebecca Edwards
Standing at Armageddon: The United States 1877-1919, by Nell Irvin Painter
The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America, by Charles W. Calhoun
Banking Panics of the Gilded Age (Studies in Macroeconomic History), by Elmus Wicker
The Mauve Decade: American Life at the End of the Nineteenth Century, by Thomas Beer
The Gilded Age (American Popular Culture Through History), by Joel Shrock
The Search for Order, 1877-1920, by Robert H. Wiebe
