 Maintenance
|
Managment
Green Committee
Mowing
Fertilization / Nutrients
Plant
Growth regulators
Aerification
Topdressing
Thatch
Verticutting
Air Circulation
Subsurface Cooling
Damage
Resodding / Regrassing
Creep
& Shrinkage
See also Trouble (Yellow,
Top Menu)
| Management |
GCSAA Greens Maintenance InfoPack
Turfgrass Trends, Equipment articles
2001 Turfgrass and Environmental Research - Integrated Turfgrass Management
†Mazur - Cool-season/warm-season turfgrass management in the transition zone.
†Hartwiger - Survival tools for the putting green.
†Latham - Back to basics. (maintenance)
†Bengeyfield - New Zealand: Turfgrass management in an incredible land.
USGA GR (Jan 2001): Do You Have Green Creep?
†Zontek - Turf management in England and Scotland: so similar, yet so different.
†Crenshaw - Strategies for successful long-term maintenance of golf courses.
The art of putting green management. Author(s): Oatis, D.A. Found In: Proceedings - Virginia Turfgrass Landscape Conference. Proc Va Turfgrass Landscape Conf Dec 1989. (29th) p. 38-39.
†White - The best turf tips of 1985. II. Flushing drains and brushing greens
The
Glencoe Golf & Country Club Green Report
Turf
& Recreation - Grounds Maintenance
Clemson
World Spring 2001 -- Every Shot Counts
Rolling Meadows Golf- Turf Tips
| Green Committee |
USGA GR (Sep 2003): The Ten Most Common Green Committee Mistakes
USGA GR (Jul 2002): A View from the Chairman: The Green Chairman's Role in Turfgrass Preparation
USGA GR (Sep 1994): The Green Committee Chairperson: are You Up to the Challenge?
- Green Committees by DONALD STEEL Golf Course Architect, London, England
- "Mr Green Committee Chairman" by Paul D. Cato, Jr. President, Colonial Country Club, Fort Worth, Texas
- Communicate! Communicate! Communicate! by Arthur P Weber Old Westbury Golf & Country Club, Old Westbury, New York
- THE GREEN COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON: Are You Up To The Challenge? by James Frances Moore Director, Mid-Continent Region, USGA Green Section
- A Guide for Green Committee Members
Perfecting a Good Relationship with Your Green Chairman
| Mowing |
See also Condition
Turfgrass Trends, Mowing articles
†Salaiz - Mowing height and vertical mowing frequency effects on putting green quality.
†Picture Perfect: Mowing techniques for lawns, landscapes and sports
†Vavrek - How low can you go? (mowing heights)
†Fagerness - Plant growth regulators and mowing height affect ball roll and quality of creeping bentgrass putting greens.
Purdue Turf Tips (2004): Optimum mowing heights
†Moraghan - Greensmower maintenance.
†Hoos - Putting greens--the height of cut.
†Foy
- Ring management: a useful tip to help you get rid of mower ring around
the collar.
†Williamson - Oviposition of black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on creeping bentgrass putting greens and removal of eggs by mowing.
†Latham - Lightweight mowing: the rest of the story.
| Fertilization / Nutrition |
- See also Turfgrass
Turfgrass Trends, Nutrients articles
Turfgrass Trends, Fertilizer articles
Pesticide and liquid fertilizer spray calculator
Soil Nutrient Test for Sand-Based Greens
- EMCI Chemical References
- Turfgrass Trends, Plant Nutrition articles
- UFL Selected Fertilizers Used in Turfgrass Fertilization J.B. Sartain & J.K. Kruse
USGA GR (Sep 2001): Nitrogen and Phosphorous Loss from Greens and Fairways
USGA GR (Mar 1996): A Practical Approach to Putting Green Fertilization
USGA GR (Jan 1995): Leaching of Nitrate from Sand Putting Greens
Purdue TURF TIP 9/23/05 September is a Crucial for Fertilizing All Cool-Season Turfs
Duble - Turfgrass Fertilization
†Radko - Have we gone too far with low nitrogen on greens?
†Shuman - Phosphate and nitrate movement through simulated golf greens.
†Shearman - Potassium--a miracle element?
Buchanan - Nutrients affect color and vigor of turfgrasses.
†Skorulski - Unlocking the mysteries: interpreting a soil nutrient test for sand-based greens.
†Engel - The six seasonal stages of bentgrass nitrogen fertilization.
†Zontek - Managing fertility in high-sand-content greens.
†Hummel - Fertilizing greens with secondary elements and micronutrients.
†BioCycle - New approach to the green. (fetilizer disease suppression)
†Brown
- Nitrogen losses from golf greens.
Fertilizing Bermudagrass Greens
TurfFax May-Jun 1999 - Higher-density Turfgrass & Nitrogen Needs
†Elliott - Effect of organic nitrogen fertilizers on microbial populations associated with bermudagrass putting greens.
†Schmidt - Bentgrass growth in relation to soil properties of Typic Hapludalfs soil variously modified for a golf green.
†Rieke - Maintaining adequate phosphorus levels in sand greens.
†Fry - Creeping bentgrass response to P and K on a sand medium
†Brauen - Leaching of nitrate from sand putting greens.
The Basics of Turfgrass Fertilization
†Pepper - Growth of bentgrass as affected by nitrogen, soil pH and age of stand.
†Kussow - Peat in greens: knowns, unknowns and speculations.
†Karnok - High pH treatments and the alleviation of soil hydrophobicity on golf greens.
†McCarty - Plant nutrition, fertilizers and fertilizer programs for Florida golf courses.
†Lodge - Fertiliser nutrition of sand golf greens. VI. Cover and botanical composition.
†Lodge - Fertiliser nutrition of sand golf greens. VII. Rootzone chemical composition.
†Canaway - Fertiliser nutrition of sand golf greens. I. Establishment and pre-wear results.
†Lodge - The construction, irrigation and fertiliser nutrition of golf greens. I. Botanical and reflectance assessments after establishment and during the first year of differential irrigation and nutrition treatments.
Phosphorous and Potassium Fertilizers Influence Establishment of Bermudagrass
‡Turfgrass Soil Fertility and Chemical Problems: Assessment and Management
| PGRs |
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were introduced more than 40 years ago for application to utility turfs to reduce mowing requirements by inhibiting turfgrass shoot growth.
Turfgrass Trends, Plant Growth Regulator articles
Turfgrass Trends, Users Drive Research Into New Growth Regulator Applications
USGA GR (Jan 2002): Ball Mark Recovery as Influenced By Growth Regulators and Bio-Stimulants
USGA GR (Sep 2001): Creative Uses for Plant Growth Regulators
†Bigelow - Creeping Bentgrass & PGRs (Thesis)
†Hawes - Pencross Creeping Bentgrass Growth (Diss.)
†Rice - Penncross Creeping Bentgrass - pH, topdressing, cultivation (Diss.)
†Mazur - Influence of plant growth regulators on transition of bermudagrass putting green overseeded with perennial ryegrass.
†Johnson - Influence of plant growth regulators on transition of a bermudagrass golf green overseeded with perennial ryegrass.
Growth regulators, Bermudagrass, and Weeds
Plant Growth Regulators on Bentgrass Putting Green Turf
Purdue TURF TIP 5/14/03 Growth Regulators for Golf Courses
†Johnson - Suppression of a perennial subspecies of annual bluegrass (Poa annua spp. reptans) in a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) green with plant growth regulators.
| Aerification |
Turfgrass Trends, Aerification articles
USGA GR: Why do you want to aerate when I'm trying to play golf (Mar 2006)
USGA GR: Surface Organic Matter in Bentgrass Greens (aeration) (Jan 2004)
USGA GR (May 1996): Shallow Aeration: Deeper is Not Always Better
USGA GR (May 1993): 'O Holey Night'
Why aerate greens - USGA Video
Why aeration is necessary - USGA video
Purdue TURF TIP 9/16/03 Watch those tines!
Purdue Turf Tip 9-10-04: Late summer aerification check-list
USGA GR (Mar 2003): Aeration and Topdressing for the 21st Century
USGA GR (May 2003): Core Aeration by the Numbers
USGA GR (Jan 1999): Orange Barrels and Putting Green Aerification
†Mazur - Influence of aeration, topdressing, and vertical mowing on overseeded bermudagrass putting green turf.
†McWhirter - Effect of vertical mowing and aerification on golf green quality.
†Brauen - Long-term aerification.
USGA
GR (May 1994): O'Brien - Blockbuster aerification.
†Skorulski - Core cultivation: too much of a good thing?
†Liu
- Core cultivation and efficacy of benomyl applied to creeping bentgrass.
Regional News - Southeast - Core Aerification by the Numbers By Chris Hartwiger and Patrick O'Brien
†Brame
- Yellow barrels and putting green aerification.
†Zontek
- Shallow aeration: deeper is not always better.
†Connolly -'O Holey night. (aeration)
†Murphy - Core cultivation of a putting green with hollow and solid tines.
†Gilhuly - Shake, rattle, and roll. (aeration, rolling, poa annua)
| Topdressing |
See also Condition (Yellow, Top Menu)
Golfdom, Superintendents Should Choose Topdressing Machines Wisely
Golfdom, Take charge of your topdressing
†Foy - The one-man topdressing operation.
USGA GR (Mar 2003): Aeration and Topdressing for the 21st Century
USGA GR (May 1993): Filling Aerator Holes Completely
†Mazur - Influence of aeration, topdressing, and vertical mowing on overseeded bermudagrass putting green turf.
An
Evaluation of Several Topdressing Practices
Putting green responses to sand topdresssing
Purdue TURF TIP 3/26/04 Dormant Sand Topdressing. Does it help Creeping Bentgrass Spring Green-up?
†Verma - Prepare your own topdressing.
†Cedrone - We built a truckster-mounted topdresser.
†Ferguson - The soils controversy--mixes for green construction and topdressing Golf course grass.
†Gilhuly
- Dressing up for the 1990s! (topdressing)
Sand
Size for Topdressing Golf Greens
Pros
and Cons of Frequent Sand Topdressing
Pros
and Cons of Frequent Sand Topdressing
A Century of Change in Topdressing
†Vavrek
- A successful topdressing program requires consistency, commitment, and
communication.
†Hartwiger - A shower a day fills the holes ok. (topdressing)
†Foy
- Working the topdressing in and rolling greens revisited.
Blow
in the Topdressing at Hobe Sound
†Cooper - Putting green responses to sand and sand/soil topdressing.
†Zontek - Topdressing putting greens: a panel duscussion.
†Ferguson - From the worm's eye view, topdressing.
†Gross - Topdressing your way to better greens.
†Latham - Topdressing operations that vibrate.
†Vavrek - Another cover-up: an inexpensive, effective way to maintain dry topdressing.
†Oatis - Sanding and sweeping.
†Streich - Topdressing and ball roll.
Watering in Aerified Topdressing
†Latham
- The agronomics of sand in construction of topdressing.
Turfgrass
soil management research
†Zontek - Filling aerator holes completely, the first time.
| Thatch |
Thatch Prevention and Control; G85-751-A (Nebraska)
†Callahan - Cultural and chemical controls of thatch and their influence on rootzone nutrients in a bentgrass green.
†Chamberlain - Thatch biodegradation and antifungal activities of two lignocellulolytic Streptomyces strains in laboratory cultures and in golf green turfgrass.
†Zontek - Answering the most-asked questions about thatch.
†Gilhuly - Fake right, throw left! (thatch, aeration)
Callahan - Comparative methods of measuring thatch on a creeping bentgrass green.
| Verticutting |
Golfdom, The value of verticutting
USGA GR: Grain on the Brain (Nov 2005)
†Mazur - Influence of aeration, topdressing, and vertical mowing on overseeded bermudagrass putting green turf.
†McWhirter - Effect of vertical mowing and aerification on golf green quality.
| Air Circulation |
| Subsurface Cooling |
Creeping Bentgrass Response to Sub-Surface Air Movement - Power Point Presentation
Turfgrass Management Information - Subsurface Cooling
Hot town cool bentgrass - Wildwing Plantation
Subsurface Cooling & Aeration at Wildwing Plantation - Photos
Turf Quality Better with Cooling and Aeration at WildWing Research Green
Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) response to inflated soil CO2 - Power Point Presentation
| Damage |
†Pierson - Just one more little crisis (hail damage)
TurfFax Jul-Aug 1999 - Petroleum Spills
Understanding and Managing Mechanical Damage - Are you hurting your greens without knowing it?
USGA GR (Sep 2003): PGA Touring Pros Evaluate Putting Greens for Spike Damage
USGA GR (Jul 2003): Ball Marks on Bentgrass: Blame the Golfer, Not the Cultivar
See also Conditions > Ball Marks & Spike Marks (Yellow, Top Menu)
| Resodding / Regrassing |
USGA GR: Making a Change: The Why, When, and How to's of Regrassing Bermudagrass Greens (Jan 2003)
Golfdom, Time to kill that turf -- regrassing old greens
USGA GR (Mar 2003): Putting Green Regrassing and So Much More
†Nelson - Sew it seams: old parts can become useful tools for sodding putting greens.
| Creep & Shrinkage |
USGA GR (Jan 2001): Do You Have Green Creep?
†Happ - Control those shrinking greens.